FGFR2b是一种重要的信号传导受 体,涉及多个细胞过程,包括细胞增殖、分化、迁移和存活。FGFR2b信号通路的详细介绍如下:
1) FGFR2b激活机制:
Ligand Binding:FGFR2b的活化通常是由FGF(成纤维细胞生长因子)家族的成员诱导的。这类成员包括FGF1、FGF2、FGF7和FGF10等。这些成分通过结合到FGFR2b的细胞外结构域,引发受体的二聚化和自磷酸化,从而启动信号传导。
Receptor Dimerization: 配体结合导致FGFR2b 的二聚化,即两个受体结合在一起形成二聚体。这一过程是信号传导的关键步骤,为后续的下游信号传导做好准备。
图3:FGFR2b在胃癌中表达
如在乳腺癌中,64 个BRCA2 相 关的肿瘤中有 19 个( 30% )对 FGFR2 呈阳性染色,而 50 个 BRCA1 相关的肿瘤中有 3 个( 6% )对 FGFR2 呈阳性染色( P = 0.004 )。 因此可以得出结论, FGFR2b 的表达更容易在 BRCA2 相关的乳腺癌中上调。
图5:FGFR2b在胆管癌中表达
FGFR2靶向药物根据作用机制可分为四类:(1)小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs),包括非选择性和选择性的FGFR抑制剂;(2)对抗性单克隆抗体,竞争性结合到FGFR细胞外区域,阻止FGFs–FGFR信号的激活;(3)FGF配体陷阱,阻止多种FGF配体的活性和配体-受体相互作用;以及(4)抗体-药物结合物(ADCs),由FGFR抗体与细胞毒性荷载组成。部分药物信息及研发进展见表1。
表1:FGFR2b靶向药物信息
FGFR2b的过表达已在包括乳腺、子宫内膜、宫颈、肺、食管、胃、胰腺和结直肠癌 (CRC )的多种癌症中报道,但 F GFR-2 IIIb 变体在不同癌症类型之间的作用存在争议。 在食管癌患者中, 41% 的患者的食管癌细胞中表达了 FGFR-2 IIIb ,并且 FGFR-2 IIIb 的表达与食管癌的良性细胞类型相关。 使用 免疫组织化学( IHC )检测,发现 73 例( 1,974 例中的 4% )胃癌患者中 FGFR2-IIIb 蛋白过表达,并且所有具有 FGFR2-IIIb 过表达的肿瘤均通过荧光原位杂交检测到 FGFR2 扩增。 并且, FGFR2b 在胃癌中的表达尤为显著,在一项研究中,一种新型的 FGFR2b 初级抗体通过免疫组织化学来预测基因扩增,并发现 4% 的胃癌中存在 FGFR2b 过表达,其中 92% 的病例通过 FISH 确认为 FGFR2 基因扩增,证实这是 FGFR2 扩增的胃癌中主要表达的是 FGFR2b 亚型,而不是 FGFR2c 亚型。 值得关注的是,随着 FGFR2b 表达水平的增加,观察到更大的生存获益,说明FGFR2b 靶点或可作为临床中肿瘤疗效预测的指标。
目前,迈杰转化医学研究(苏州)有限公司 已成功开发一株FGFR2b 特异性单克隆抗体,该抗体已证实可用于 FFPE 组 织样本 的 IHC 染色,在胃癌和卵巢癌等组织上有良好的染色性能。 迈杰医学 FGFR2b 抗体试剂( 免 疫组织化学法) 已完成技术可行性研究。 该产品既可满足临床样本检测需要,也可作为 FGFR2b 靶向药物的伴随诊断试剂产品原型。
图7 :迈杰医学FGFR2b抗体在阳性胃癌组织上的染色
图8:迈杰医学FGFR2b抗体在阳性卵巢癌组织上的染色
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