对于癌症的研究已经从单个基因延伸到宏基因,从单一组学扩展到多组学。在庞杂的信号通路和生物分子中,识别出关键点对于癌症的认知和相关药物开发至关重要。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinases, PI3K)信号通路的过度激活是恶性肿瘤的标志之一 [1] 。鉴于其在癌症中的关键作用,在过去的20多年里一直是相关研究和药物开发的重要靶点。
图2. 癌症中PIK3CA的突变情况(数据来源cBioPortal)
表1 . 癌症中PIK3CA Top10突变位点情况(数据来源COSMIC)
Mutation |
ID |
占比 |
H1047R |
COSM775 |
20.82% |
E545K |
COSM763 |
16.75% |
E542K |
COSM760 |
10.37% |
H1047L |
COSM776 |
3.12% |
N345K |
COSM754 |
1.60% |
E545A |
COSM12458 |
1.60% |
R88Q |
COSM746 |
1.57% |
Q546K |
COSM766 |
1.45% |
C420R |
COSM757 |
1.17% |
E545G |
COSM764 |
1.05% |
已上市的Alpelisib等药物在开展联合用药或者增加适应症方面的临床研究,而新的靶向药物也在不断开发中。国内,2022年NMPA附条件批准恒瑞医药的林普利塞(Linperlisib)新药上市申请,用于治疗既往接受过至少两种系统性治疗的复发或难治滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)成人患者。海河生物用于乳腺癌等实体瘤的PI3Kα靶向药物CYH33也正在临床测试中。在ClinicalTrials数据库中,有90余项正在招募中的靶向PI3K药物的临床研究。PI3K抑制剂的研究方兴未艾,随着对癌症机理和靶蛋白构型的不断了解,越来越多的药物会被开发出来应用于临床 [11] 。
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